Posted: January 31st, 2011 | Author: Dr. Bill Stillwell | No Comments »
I just finished reading what would be a snoozefest, for anybody but
a physician. It came from the Journal of the American College of
Cardiology, published in August of this year, which reviews data
from a broad range of studies of tens of thousands of patients.
I won’t bore you with the data, which I admit is hard, even for me
to slog through. But the conclusions are important. According to
Carl Lavie, M.D., F.A.C.C., Medical Director of Cardiac
Rehailitation and Prevention, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans,
LA, and lead author of the article, “This isn’t just hype, we now
have tremendous and compelling evidence from very large studies,
some dating back 20 and 30 years, that demonstrate the protective
benefits of omega 3 fish oil, in multiple aspects of preventive
cardiology. The strongest evidence of a cardioprotective effect of
omega 3′s appears in patients with established cardiovascular
disease and following a heart attack, with up to a 30 per cent
reduction in a CV related death.”
Translated, that means that if you have heart disease, it is even
more important to take omega 3′s than if you don’t.
Dietary fish oil can also decrease the risk of atherosclerosis,
arrhythmias, heart attack, sudden cardiac death, and even heart
failure.
According to Dr. Lavie, EPA and DHA work by getting into the
membranes of cells and, in doing so, may help to improve the heart’s
electrical activity, vascular tone, plaque stabilization and blood
pressure, among other benefits.
The human body doesn’t produce its own essential fatty acids, so you
have to get them from food, or from taking a fish oil supplement
(that’s why they’re called “essential”). It isn’t easy to get what
you need from food and it can also be very expensive, since you have
to be extremely particular about where the food comes from. One of
those sources, wild salmon, is $22 a pound and not readily
available.
Other fish oils on the market are “food grade,” and carry risks
that are unacceptable (like potential toxic heavy metal and
pesticide contamination). That’s why I developed a “pharmaceutical
grade” product, assayed by an independent third party for purity:
https://www.favoriteformulas.com?awt_l=GnZNU&awt_m=1dTGC8xfpIz2rW
And I’ve made it easy for you. You don’t have to traipse all over,
wasting precious time, looking for pristine food products. Just take
two softgels in the morning and two at night.
I’ll be back tomorrow with more.
With my best wishes for your optimum health,
Dr. Bill
Posted: January 28th, 2011 | Author: Dr. Bill Stillwell | No Comments »
I just finished reading an email from a guy who says he can’t lose
any weight. He was decent enough to send me a rundown of what he’s
been eating and it’s no wonder he’s having trouble. He says he’s
only eating half of what he used to eat, but as I’ve said before, if
you don’t change what you eat, you won’t get results.
1) He’s still drinking a load of sugar. On his list is orange juice,
sweet tea and he goes to Smoothie King almost every day. You can’t
do this and lose weight.
You need to start dropping these things, one at a time, starting
with Smoothie King, which is the same thing as opening a bag of
sugar and pouring it into your mouth. You need to make water your
beverage of choice, without any sugar. OJ is okay, as long as you
limit it to about 4 ounces a day. If you can’t, you need to
eliminate it.
Now I’m not a Southerner by birth, but in the number of years I’ve
lived here, now, I’ve seen a whole lot of sugar go in the iced tea.
If you want the tea, you’re going to have to learn to add lemon and
maybe some Splenda. Just remember this: The more sugar you eat, the
more health problems you’re going to have.
2) There is a lot of packaged food on his list. Now sometimes this
just can’t be avoided, but frozen dinners are, for the most part,
just junk, with a boatload of excess sodium and other chemicals,
which isn’t good. They also tend to be full of high fructose corn
syrup and trans fats, even though the label may say “NO TRANS FATS”.
Under a crazy deal cut by the food manufacturers and the government,
some foods that do have trans fats can actually be labelled “NO
TRANS FATS.”
3) His list is almost totally devoid of fiber. It’s not surprising
that one of his complaints is that he is constipated a good part of
the time.
4) Some of what he considers meat isn’t what you would call high
quality. Being raised in New York, I love a good hot dog, every
three months or so, not a couple of times a week, or more. The same
goes for the old baloney sandwich, which he tops off with fried
onions and mayo. (People in Buffalo…hold your fire!)
5) He only eats a small piece of pie, with a small scoop of ice
cream.
I think you get the drift, here. What I really want to get across
here is this: If you have a bad diet…and you only eat half as much
of the stuff…without making any effort to switch to healthier
options, you may not lose any weight at all. You could actually gain
weight with this approach, because your body won’t know just exactly
what you’re up to and it will go into defense mode, meaning it will
start storing fat.
Now on the plus side, the guy has a grill. If he bought high quality
protein and grilled it, along with some vegetables, I think he’d
start seeing some results and he might even enjoy himself. But the
bad habits have to go.
Drop the bad habits, one at a time. Nobody expects a sinner to
become a saint overnight and trying that approach only leads to
misery. Just making making water your beverage of choice has
kickstarted many a successful weight loss.
If your body isn’t balanced, and most aren’t, combining new food
choices and my Powerhouse Omega Formula makes for an auspicious
start:
https://www.favoriteformulas.com?awt_l=GnZNU&awt_m=1aHmH7eLpIz2rW
When you’ve been using bad fuel for a long while, it takes something
extra to get the system cleaned out and functioning properly.
I’ll be back tomorrow with more.
With my best wishes for your optimum health,
Dr. Bill
Posted: January 25th, 2011 | Author: Dr. Bill Stillwell | No Comments »
2011 hasn’t slowed down any of the nutbags that afflict us on a
daily basis. The electric bleachers haven’t been used yet and I’m in
the process of dusting it off, because I believe you have to be
proactive in these situations.
The first candidate is obviously the Tucson shooter, Jared (Not the
Subway Guy) Loughner. He is front row, center. On his immediate left
should be the Ft. Hood killer, Nadal Malik Hasan, who shouldn’t even
require a trial (but will get one, because that’s who we are).
Then, maybe we could move on to others, like Paul Krugman of the New
York Times, Markos Moulitsas of the Daily Kos, Keith Olbermann
(formerly of MSNBC), Chris Matthews, Paul Begala and the list goes
on and on (OK, just kidding on this last group…but fun to
imagine).
There is another wack job, too, as of late this afternoon.
Unbelievably, I watched a somewhat sympathetic news piece on an
Iraqi named Faleh Almaleki, who is in psychiatric lockup in…not in
Iraq, but Arizona, where this genius dispatched his daughter in an
“Honor Killing.” Honor Killing is what some deranged Muslims do to
members of their own family (usually women), who they believe broke
Islamic law. One member of the family serves as judge, jury and
executioner, to preserve “family honor.”
Amaleki had moved his family to Arizona from Iraq. He apparently
believed his daughter had become “too westernized, ” while he wanted
her to stay true to Iraqi traditions. (Tell me again why he moved
here?) His daughter apparently did not want an arranged marriage,
but instead, she wanted the life of a typical American.
So Daddioleki harassed his daughter on a regular basis, along with
her boyfriend and her boyfriend’s family. Then, he reportedly
crashed his Jeep into his daughter and her boyfriend’s mother, as
they walked across a parking lot. His daughter died; the boyfriend’s
mother lived.
He hasn’t been tried yet, because he hasn’t had a full mental health
review. (?)
I say… it’s a shame we can’t skip the trial and put him on the ol’
electric bleachers, saving the of Arizona some money and everyone
else the thought that one day, this guy might not like something (or
someone) else.
These “Honor Killings” are particularly heinous and barbarous. They
go on in many places in the Middle East, but they are also starting
to happen in France, England and the United States. We need to
establish a strong precedent for these clowns, who still think they
are living in the 8th Century and those Electric Bleachers would be
just the ticket. No trials, no lawyers, do not pass go and collect
$200. Just strap them up and let them ride the lightning.
Yeah, I know, I know. But I can dream…
And now a word from our sponsor:
https://www.favoriteformulas.com?awt_l=GnZNU&awt_m=1dcfFF7jkIz2rW
I’ll be back tomorrow with more.
With my best wishes for your optimum health,
Dr. Bill
Posted: January 24th, 2011 | Author: Dr. Bill Stillwell | No Comments »
There’s a group of people who get under my skin…who I refer to as
“worry warts.” You probably know several of this type yourself. As a
physician, they drove me crazy, because they would never take your
advice without hundreds of questions.
Let me tell you that there is nothing wrong with asking your doctor
questions, but at some point, you have to make decisions and not
just keep asking questions. There is a reason worry warts keep
asking questions. It’s because they are afraid of making decisions
and they are especially afraid of making any decision where they are
held accountable for their own. The questions are just a ruse to
keep them from taking any action.
I remember one woman, in particular, who almost drove me over the
edge. She appeared to be perfectly normal to the untrained eye and
had quite a resume of accomplishment. She would appear regularly,
with questions, which I would answer. She would always tell me that
“I think that is very good advice.” But then, three months down the
road, she would be having the same problems and would have more
questions. One day, it occurred to me that the reason she was having
trouble was because she was not following any of my “very good
advice.”
I confronted her about this and she was extremely defensive…then,
she admitted what I said was true. Then, she proceded to tell me
that although the advice I gave her was “very good,” her studies of
the available literature on the subject made her leery of making a
decision.
So I asked her, “If you can’t make a decision, how are you going to
correct your problem?”
This…as they say…stumped the band. I went even further. I told
her that she could not schedule another appointment, until she made
a decision about what she was going to do. She didn’t like this…
but she was wasting both her time and mine.
A year and a half passed…and one of my nurses told me she had made
an appointment. I told her that only two things could happen: either
she agreed to a procedure, or she got put on the Blacklist (people I
would not see under any circumstances).
And of course, she had questions. Before I answered, I told her
about her two choices and then answered her questions. She told me
she needed a moment to think about it, so I left her in an exam
room, and continued seeing people. Three hours later…three hours
later…she agreed to a procedure.
I scheduled her immediately and did the surgery, which was quite
successful. In her post operative visit she told me she should have
done it 3 years prior, as it would have saved her a lot of pain and
suffering, stress, worry and so on and such forth.
No s—, Sherlock!
So to it all sum up, if you want to take a load off, reduce your
stress level and relax a bit…learn how to make a decision. You
won’t always be right, but you’ll be a lot happier than a worry
wart.
Speaking of which, you can make a decision right now, to improve
your health and reduce your risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer,
high blood pressure and a host of other health problems, by starting
to take my enteric coated, pharmaceutical grade, highly concentrated
Powerhouse Omega Formula:
https://www.favoriteformulas.com?awt_l=GnZNU&awt_m=1deBipPC6Iz2rW
I’ll be back tomorrow with more.
With my best wishes for your optimum health,
Dr. Bill
Posted: January 21st, 2011 | Author: Dr. Bill Stillwell | No Comments »
The weekend is coming…some big football games will be on the tube
…and I predict “The Jets will be de-feeted!” But, should they come
out with a win…they will win the SuperBowl. You heard it here
first.
While you’re holding your big bowl of snacks, you may want to take a
look at yourself in the mirror…or if that would be too frightening
(or there are too many people around), you could do this mentally.
Here are 5 things to think about:
1) Beware of the USDA Food Pyramid. This is a whole lot healthier
for Big Business than it is for Dick and Jane. Fill two thirds of
your plate with vegetables, then add some protein that you enjoy.
Forget that silly chart.
2) Care where your food comes from. Know your food’s history. Many
industrially produced foods aren’t all that appetizing, once you
know their origins.
3) Don’t believe the hype. Give up on gimmicks, fads and instant
fixes. Most miraculous weight loss schemes do more harm than good
and yo-yo dieting is a recipe for weight gain.
4) Forget unrealistic role models. Almost every last diet ad has
been retouched, sometimes extensively. Especially if it involves a
celebrity.
5) Sleep well. Rest = recovery, repair and resilience. Exhaustion
= illness and bad metabolism. Prioritize ample sleep time as a
health essential.
Speaking of health essentials, remember to take my Powerhouse Omega
Formula, like I do… twice a day, every day:
https://www.favoriteformulas.com?awt_l=GnZNU&awt_m=1clYaJTlEIz2rW
And here’s a bonus: Laugh it up! Laughter triggers a cascade of
healing, energizing chemicals.
Remember: You may be a redneck if you’ve ever sent a fan letter to
Chef Boyardee!
I’ll be back tomorrow with more.
With my best wishes for your optimum health,
Dr. Bill
Posted: January 20th, 2011 | Author: Dr. Bill Stillwell | No Comments »
Have you ever noticed the build of people who run all the time?
Have you ever said to yourself: “Gee, I’d like to look like that.”
Hopefully you didn’t want to look like a runner… what I like to
call “roadkill.” (That’s a joke!) A couple of days back, I posited
that “cardio” isn’t the best way to help you reduce body fat, even
though thousands of health and fitness professionals profess that
it’s the way to go.
What they are really saying is, “That’s the way to go HERE…as in,
you’ll be a client for life. Because the fact that you won’t succeed
with their DA fitness plan is well known in the industry. That’s
right, they KNOW cardio doesn’t work as well for this.
Researchers have actually found (in muscle biopsies of marathon
runners) that their muscle fiber size had decreased…actually
atrophied. (Bet that makes you want to lace up those shoes…)
During low intensity workouts, the olde bod gets most of its energy
from fat. In moderate intensity workouts, the fat burn increases to
a very high level (75% +). But in high intensity workouts, the body
reduces its immediate use of lard and instead, draws nearly all its
energy from carbs (glycogen, in muscle and liver cells).
Because fat is the preferred fuel in low to moderate exercise, that
would seem to make a case for the aerobic fitness crowd and you can
see why cardio is always their recommendation.
But not so fast…
Because this is more of an endurance exercise, the body adapts to
“strip down” the body to its lowest mass, for long distance
exertion.
Unfortunately, it does this at the expense of muscle mass. Just look
at long distance runners. They may look slim, but they have little
relative muscle mass. And when you have less muscle mass, you have a
“smaller engine” with which to burn body fat.
By contrast, look at a sprinter. The sprinter is all bulging muscle
and looks powerful. That’s because sprinters secrete three times the
growth hormone as long distance runners. And among other things,
that increases muscle mass, which builds you a “bigger engine” to
burn more fat, faster.
It boils down to this…
Short, intense bursts of exercise increase cardiac output, lead to
faster cardiac adjustments, increase cardiac reserve and “help you
lose bodyfat with less than 10 minutes of exertion.” HIT decreases
total cholesterol…with an increase in “good” cholesterol. It also
raises your testosterone levels, which promote muscle growth, reduce
memory loss, reduce fat deposition, stimulate low libido, relieve
sexual dysfunction and counter loss of strength and bone density.
And then…
It also helps you lose weight, by burning much more fat for 24-36
hours AFTER you stop exercising (this is HUGE!). You see, after the
exercise itself (when the body is burning carbohydrates, for rapid
energy needs), your metabolism switches over to burning fat, for an
extended period. When you do the math, turns out you lose a lot more
fat with this method than with cardio.
When you combine this kind of high intensity exercise with my
Powerhouse Omega Formula and some clean eating, you are on your way
to real fitness:
https://www.favoriteformulas.com?awt_l=GnZNU&awt_m=1fnxQZVF.Iz2rW
I’ll be back tomorrow with more.
With my best wishes for your optimum health,
Dr. Bill
Posted: January 19th, 2011 | Author: Dr. Bill Stillwell | No Comments »
One of the great things about having a column is that readers send
you very funny stuff. Some of it I can’t print, but this is a good
one.
A Republican, in a wheelchair, entered a restaurant one afternoon
and asked the waitress for a cup of coffee. The Republican looked
across the restaurant and asked, “Is that Jesus sitting over there?”
The waitress nodded “yes,” so the Republican requested that she give
Jesus a cup of coffee, on him.
The next patron to come in was a Libertarian, with a hunched back.
He shuffled over to a booth, painfully sat down, and asked the
waitress for a cup of hot tea. He also glanced across the restaurant
and asked, “Is that Jesus, over there?”
The waitress nodded, so the Libertarian asked her to give Jesus a
cup of hot tea, “My treat.”
The third patron to come into the restaurant was a Democrat on
crutches. He hobbled over to a booth, sat down and hollered, “Hey
there honey! How’s about getting’ me a cold mug of Miller Light?” He
too looked across the restaurant and asked, “Isn’t that God’s boy
over there?
The waitress nodded, so the Democrat directed her to give Jesus a
cold beer. “On my bill,” he said loudly.
As Jesus got up to leave, he passed by the Republican, touched him
and said, “For your kindness, you are healed.” The Republican felt
the strength come back into his legs, got up and danced a jig out
the door.
Jesus passed by the Libertarian, touched him and said, “For your
kindness, you are healed.” The Libertarian felt his back
straightening up and he raised his hands, praised the Lord and did a
series of back flips out the door.
Then, Jesus walked towards the Democrat, smiling. The Democrat
jumped up and yelled:
“Don’t touch me … I’m collecting disability!”
Ain’t it the truth?
Click here
I’ll be back tomorrow with more.
With my best wishes for your optimum health,
Dr. Bill
Posted: January 18th, 2011 | Author: Dr. Bill Stillwell | No Comments »
I joined a friend of mine at the gym yesterday. It’s something I do,
every now and then, to keep up on what the gym bunnies are wearing,
since I don’t have that channel on cable. I also enjoy the social
interaction, but I never really get much of a workout.
The gym was really busy. That’s usually the case, this time of year,
because a bunch of people are sticking to their resolutions. But I
have to say, it was unusually busy. Almost every single treadmill
was occupied and there are a lot of treadmills in this place. So I
nosed around a bit, to find out what was going on.
The club had a “boot camp” going on and most of the people in the
gym were involved, in one way or another. I asked what was on the
program and someone got me a brochure. I looked it over, and 95% of
what they were doing was aerobic exercise. That’s stuff like running
on a treadmill, using an elliptical machine, riding a bike,
spinning, jazzercising, zumba-ing (whatever that is) and the like. I
smiled and handed the brochure back to the eager young trainer.
The truth is that this kind of training may be fun (not for me) and
it may be social, but it makes you flabby, debilitated and it
eventually kills your heart and lung health; not to mention
advancing aging and decreasing vital lean muscle tissue. (It can
also really screw up your libido.)
The sad thing is that this useless mantra is repeated by doctors,
fitness clubs, health experts, gym rats, personal trainers and
Michele Obama, who believes this stuff will shape up kids. (That and
$6 billion dollars…which is what she wants to spend.) As I’ve said
before, “Michelle… get in shape yourself…then, I might listen.”
But, far be it from me to tell you not to do it…if you want to
waste hours a week for nothing.
If you want to lose weight and more importantly, keep it off…you
need to do High Intensity Training, also known as HIT training. You
can do this in as little as 12 minutes a day, a few times a week. I
get mine doing hill sprints, which is running sprints up a hill. I
do 6-10 sprints and call it a day. It takes me 15 to 20 minutes, or
maybe a shade longer. But I’m not pedaling a bike for hours, that’s
for sure.
And yes…I had to work up to that. I started with regular sprints
and they weren’t long, or many. In the beginning, they were about 40
yards, as I recall. As I lost the lard, they got longer and there
were more of them. Then, I graduated to the hill, taking a slow
approach and building up, gradually.
When I could do 10 hill sprints, the really stubborn lard starting
melting away.
This happens because your body is increasing its secretion of growth
hormone, in response to the short bursts of high intensity exercise.
In a study done at Loughborough University in England and Laval
University in Quebec, participants were divided into two groups:
those whose did long duration exercise (such as running, spinning,
and so on), and those who did short duration exercise (such as hill
sprinting). The results were quite astonishing.
The people in the short duration exercise group lost 9 times as much
fat as the long duration group and…this is very important…they
continued burning fat, long after the long duration group had
stopped.
This sort of makes you wonder what all the so-called fitness experts
are talking about…because if you extend this thought out a bit…
aerobics actually does NOT make you lose fat as quickly. (Heresy…
they’re coming for me now!)
High Intensity Short Duration Exercise = More Fat Loss
Low Intensity Long Duration Exercise = Less Fat Loss
For other tips on how to lose the lard go to:
Click here
I’ll be back tomorrow with more.
With my best wishes for your optimum health,
Dr. Bill
Posted: January 17th, 2011 | Author: Dr. Bill Stillwell | No Comments »
I guess that should be pooper, but I was going for the alliteration
there.
Some folks wanted the recipe for my super duper bran muffins…so
here it is:
Dr. Bill’s Bran Blowout Muffins
1 coarsely cup chopped walnuts
3/4 cup raisins
3/4 cup dried cherries
2 1/4 cups Fiber One cereal
1 1/4 cups unbleached all purpose flour
1/2 cup whole wheat flour
2 Tsp baking soda
1/2 Tsp salt
1 Large egg
1 egg yolk
1/2 cup light brown sugar
1/4 cup molasses
1 Tsp vanilla extract
6 Tbsp unsalted butter melted
14 ounces half and half
Preheat your oven to 350 degrees. Adjust the rack to the middle
position.
Spray a standard size muffin tin with non stick cooking spray.
Combine the raisins and dried cherries in a small saucepan and cover
with water. Bring to a boil, then take the pan off the heat and let
soak, while you’re doing the rest of the work.
Process 1 1/4 cups of the Fiber One cereal, in a coffee grinder or
food processer, until it is finely ground. Whisk both flours, baking
soda and salt in a large bowl, then set aside. Whisk egg and egg
yolk together in a medium bowl, then add sugar, molasses and
vanilla. Whisk until combined, then add the half and half, then the
butter. Stir in the ground cereal and the unground cereal. Stir
this up and let it sit for five minutes.
Coarsely chop the walnuts and add to the dry ingredients. Give this
mixture a stir. Drain the raisins and cherries.
Add the wet ingredients to the dry. Stir to combine, making sure all
the flour is incorporated. Add the raisins and cherries and stir,
just to combine. Using an ice cream scoop, portion the batter into
the muffin pans. You should get 12 portions.
Bake for 22 minutes at 350 degrees, then turn off the oven and let
the muffins sit for 10-15 minutes more, in the oven with the door
closed. Remove from the oven and let the muffins sit 30 minutes in
the muffin pan, before removing.
I store them in the pantry, in freezer bags ( 6 to a gallon bag).
You can freeze them, or store them in the refrigerator, but they
never last that long around here. And believe me, they do their job.
I usually eat three of these a day (That’s what works best for me).
My wife eats one, or one and a half.
For me, this is a bread substitute. The fiber (plus the fruit and
nuts), in three of these muffins outweighs the downside of the flour
and sugar. I don’t eat any other bread, pizza, and such forth. But
if you add this to bread you’re already eating, you won’t lose any
weight and it won’t work as well as it should. Some friends of mine
have done well with this, adding it to their primal diets, which
were backing them up. This loosened the logjam, so to speak, but
remember, this is the only bread we eat.
The other thing to remember is to drink plenty of water. This helps
insure that the waste the fiber is sweeping up gets pushed out the
door.
Bon appetite!
Click here
I’ll be back tomorrow with more.
With my best wishes for your optimum health,
Dr. Bill
Posted: January 14th, 2011 | Author: Dr. Bill Stillwell | No Comments »
I received this story in an email yesterday. It came from overseas,
but we have plenty of drunks on the road here. I probably would have
let it go, but it reminded me of a similar situation here, a few
months back.
“A motorist blocked two major roads, by parking his car in the
middle of their intersection…and then going to sleep. When his
blood was tested, he was 5 times over the legal limit (which is
higher there than it is here; so by American standards, he was in
need of hospitalization).
Several motorists tried to rouse the motorist from his stupor and
failed. Police arrived on the scene and tried for 25 minutes to
revive him, failing. Several policemen had to carry the motorist
(who was soaking wet…and it wasn’t raining), from his car.
A quick investigation revealed that the motorist had just received
his license back from suspension, for a previous offense. He also
had a suspension for another offense on his record. When the
motorist sobered up, he admitted that he had been drinking heavily.
The sheriff stated, “He clearly has a problem.” (You think?)
The motorist now faces a stiff prison term, for violating the terms
of his previous conviction.”
That’s better than in Virginia, where an illegal alien with 12
(count ‘em, 12) alcohol related driving incidents has yet to stand
trial, for hitting and killing a nun, while driving drunk. DOJ
officials in Washington just can’t seem to get this case rolling
forward. And…to the question…why is the guy still in the
country? No answers on that either.
Alcohol can make you stupid…and it can make you fat, too. Nothing
turns to fat faster in your system and 3 or 4 beers, every day, can
make you a Lardassian, fast. Not only that, but since alcohol breaks
down your inhibitions, it’s more than likely you’re going to eat
what isn’t good for you, too.
If you want to cut your weight…it follows that you have to reduce
alcohol consumption, too. You certainly don’t have to be a
teetotaler, but you have to cut back. Nobody I know, that is really
fit, is much of a drinker.
Click here
I’ll be back tomorrow with more.
With my best wishes for your optimum health,
Dr. Bill